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Józef Beck
(October 4, 1894 in Warsaw – June 5, 1944 in Stăneşti, Romania) served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer, and was a close associate of Józef Piłsudski. Beck is most famous for being Polish foreign minister in the 1930s, when he largely set Polish foreign policy.
He tried to fulfill Piłsudski's dream of making Poland the leader of a regional coalition, but he was widely disliked and distrusted by other governments, which often refused to cooperate with him. He was involved in territorial disputes with Lithuania and Czechoslovakia. With his nation caught between two large, hostile powers -- Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union -- Beck sometimes pursued accommodation with them and sometimes defied them, trying to take advantage of their mutual antagonism. As this proved unsuccessful, he formed an alliance with Britain and France, but they were in no position to protect Poland. In 1939, when the Nazis and Soviets both invaded Poland, the country was overrun quickly, and Beck and the rest of his government evacuated to Romania.
==Early life==
When World War I started, Beck was a student at a college of Engineering.〔Stanislaw Mackiewicz ''Colonel Beck and his policy’’ Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1944 Page 7〕 After the outbreak of World War I, Beck was a member of the clandestine Polish Military Organization (''Polska Organizacja Wojskowa'', or ''POW'') founded in October 1914 by Piłsudski. Joining in 1914〔Richard Watt ''Bitter Glory Poland and its Fate'' ISBN 0-7818-0673-9 Page 310〕 Beck served until 1917 in the First Brigade of the Polish Legions and was an aide to Piłsudski. When the Brigade was interned, Beck escaped. After Poland regained independence, Beck was assigned as a commander of an artillery battery and assigned to the General Staff. Beck served as military attaché to France between 1922 and 1923.〔 The French disliked Beck to the point of spreading lies about him, such that he was a Soviet agent.〔Richard Watt ''Bitter Glory Poland and its Fate'' Page 311〕 In 1926 he helped to carry out the May 1926 military coup d'état that brought Piłsudski to ''de facto'' governmental power.〔
In 1926 to 1930 Beck served as chief of staff to Poland's Minister of Military Affairs, and in 1930-1932 as Vice Prime Minister〔 and Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs.〔 Groomed by Piłsudski to implement Poland's foreign policy, in 1932 he took office as Minister of Foreign Affairs,〔〔〔Peter Stachura ''Poland, 1918-1945'', p. 116〕 a post he was to hold until the outbreak of World War II.〔Norman Davies ''God's Playground Volume II'', Oxford University Press 1986 p. 430〕
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